FAQ ; Periodic Table and Chemical Bond 1

SPM Frequently Ask Question :

TOPIC : PERIODIC TABLE AND CHEMICAL BOND 

Structure question : You should study on these (minimum)

• 1.       What is the proton number, nucleon number and number of neutron

• 2.       Write an electron arrangement

• 3.       Draw an electron arrangement

• 4.       Determine the position (state group and period)  of elements in the periodic table

• 5.       Write the formula of ion

• 6.       State the type of chemical bond (Ionic or Covalent)

• 7.       Draw an electron arrangement of compound/ molecule formed

• 8.       Write chemical formula of compound

• 9.       Explain how Ionic compound/ covalent molecule is formed. (usually in essay question)

• 10.   State the physical properties for Ionic/ covalent compound

Example 1 :

Cara menjawab ;  Jawapan anda hendaklah Ringkas dan Betul ( Lihat contoh menjawab soalan berikut)

3      Figure 3 shows the symbol for an atom of element X and an atom of element Y

Rajah 3  menunjukkan simbol bagi atom unsur X dan  atom unsur Y

 FIGURE / RAJAH  3

                Based on Figure 3, answer the following questions.

                Berdasarkan Rajah 3 , jawab soalan-soalan berikut.

(a)                (i)        What is meant by proton number?

                                          Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan nombor proton ?

                The number of protons in an atom

[1 mark]

                   (ii)           What is the number of neutron in the nucleus in atom of element X?

Berapakah bilangan neutron yang terkandung dalam nukleus atom unsur X?

     12  

[ 1 mark]

                (b)          (i)            Write the electron arrangement for an atom of element  X  .

                                                Tuliskan susunan elektron bagi atom unsur X.                                   

                                                2.8.1                                     

                                                                                                                                                   [ 1 mark ]

                                             *anda mesti mengetahui bilangan elektron untuk menulis susunan  elektron

                                

                                (ii)           Draw the electron arrangement for an atom of element X

 

         (iii)          State the group of element X in Periodic Table.

                                                Nyatakan kumpulan bagi unsur X dalam Jadual Berkala

                                                Group 1                                               

                                                                                                                                                 [ 1 mark ]

                                            *kumpulan bagi sesuatu unsur ditunjukkan oleh bilangan elektron valens nya.

                                              jumlah elektron valens                   Group     

                                                           1                                         1

                                                           2                                         2

                                                           3                                        13

                                                           4                                        14

                                                           5                                        15

                                                           6                                        16

                                                           7                                        17

                                                           8                                        18

            

                                (iv)         State the period of element X in Periodic Table.Explain your answer.

                                                Nyatakan kala bagi unsur X dalam Jadual Berkala.Terangkan jawapan  anda

                                                Period 3

                                                Atom X has 3 shells occupied with electron

                                                                                                                                                   [ 2 marks ]

                                           *Period(kala) bagi sesuatu unsur dalam jadual berkala ditunjukkan oleh bilangan petala elektron (electron shell) yang terisi dengan elektron.

                (c)                           Write the formula for the ion formed from an atom of element Y.

                                                Tuliskan formula ion yang terbentuk daripada atom unsurY.

                                                Y^-

                                                                                                                                                    [ 1 mark ]

                *Atom unsur bukan logam (non metal atom) cenderung  menerima elektron untuk mencapai susunan elektron oktet/duplet yang stabil lalu membentuk ion negatif. bilangan cas adalah sama dengan jumlah elektron yang diterima.  

(d )         (i)            State the type of bond formed between element X and element Y

      Nyatakan jenis ikatan yang terbentuk antara unsur X dan unsur Y.

                                Ionic Bond          

                                                                      [ 1 mark ]

 *terdapat dua jenis ikatan kimia ; ionic bond  dan covalent bond

(ii)                Draw the electron arrangement of compound  formed from the reaction of

element X and element Y.

Lukiskan susunan elektron bagi sebatian yang terbentuk daripada unsur X dengan unsur Y. 

 

                                                                                                               [ 2 marks ]

(ii)                State one property of the compound formed between element X and element Y.

Nyatakan satu sifat fizik sebatian yang terbentuk itu antara unsur X dan unsur Y.

                High melting/boiling point// dissolve in water

                                                                                                                [ 1 mark ]

                      *cuba ingat sekurang-kurangnya dua sifat fizikal

 

Essay Question

(a)    Explain how the formation of bond between

Terangkan bagaimana pembentukan ikatan antara

(i)      Carbon with chlorine to form covalent compound.

Karbon  dengan klorin untuk membentuk sebatian kovalen

[6 marks]

(ii)    Magnesium with oxygen to form ionic compound.

        Magnesium dengan oksigen untuk membentuk sebatian ion

[6 marks]

Cara menjawab ;  Jawapan anda hendaklah Ringkas dan Betul. Satu perenggan hanya untuk satu isi. Isi yang seterusnya buat dalam perenggan baru. ( Lihat contoh menjawab soalan berikut - kata kunci)

 (a)  (i)

1. electron arrangement of carbon atom is 2.4

2. electron arrangement of chlorine is 2.8.7

3. One carbon atom share four electron with four chlorine atoms//diagram
4. to achieve octet electron arrangement

5. carbon atom contributes 4 electron and chlorine contributes 1 electron //   diagram

6. one carbon atom combine with 4 chlorine atom // diagram

(a) (ii)

1. electron arrangement of oxygen atom is 2.6

2. electron arrangement of magnesium atom is 2.8.2

3. to achieve octet electron arrangement

4. magnesium atom donate 2 electron to form Mg²⁺ and Oxygen atom accept 2 electron to form O^2- // diagram
5.  one magnesium / Mg atom donate two electron to one oxygen atom
6. magnesium ion and oxide ion attracted by electrostatic force
7.  to form a compound with formula MgO // diagram

 GOOD LUCK

FAQ ; oxidation and reduction 1

SPM Frequently Ask Question :

TOPIC : OXIDATION AND REDUCTION

TRANSFER OF ELECTRONS AT A DISTANCE

You should study on these

 (minimum)

• 1.       The function of sulphuric acid in u-tube

• 2.       Show the direction of electron flow at connecting wire

• 3.       State the colour change of solutions (oxidizing agent and reducing agent)

• 4.       Name the oxidizing agent and reducing agent

• 5.       State type of reaction that  occur in electrodes

• 6.       State the change in the oxidation number of oxidizing agent and reducing agent

• 7.       Write half equation

• 8.       Write the overall equation for the reaction

  example :

5      Diagram 5 shows the apparatus set-up to study the reaction involving the transfer   of   electron at  a distance.

                Rajah 5 menunjukkan susunan radas untuk mengkaji tindak balas yang melibatkan   pemindahan elektron pada satu jarak.

 

    (i)        What is the function of dilute sulphuric acid?

                Apakah fungsi asid sulfurik cair?                             

                                To allow the flow of ions

                                                                         [1 mark]

                                                                                                                                               

 (ii)      In Diagram 5.1, indicate the direction of electron flow by using an arrow.

             Dalam Rajah 5.1, tunjukkan arah pengaliran elektron dengan menggunakan satu

          anak panah.

            as Shown in the diagram                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           [1 mark]

 (iii)        State the colour change for acidified potassium manganate(VII) solution.

                Nyatakan perubahan warna bagi larutan kalium manganat(VII) berasid.           

    Purple to colourless

                                                                                                         [1 mark]

* perubahan warna ; nyatakan warna bahan sebelum dan selepas tindakbalas berlaku

(iv)        Name the oxidizing agent for the reaction.

                Namakan agen pengoksidaan bagi tindak balas tersebut.

              

               Acidified potassium manganate (VII) solution/  manganate(VII) ions

                                                                                                                         [1 mark]

                (v)           Determine the type of reaction that occur at electrode X.

                                Nyatakan jenis tindak balas yang berlaku di elektrod X.

                                Oxidation

     [1 mark]

                                                                                                                                               

(vi)         What is the change in the oxidation number of Iron?

                                Apakah perubahan nombor pengoksidaan bagi Ferum?              

       +2  to  +3                                                                                                 [1 mark]

                     * perubahan no.pengoksidaan  ; nyatakan no. pengoksidaan bahan sebelum dan selepas  
                       tindakbalas berlaku

 

            vii)          Write down the half equation at for the reaction at electrode X.

Tuliskan persamaan setengah bagi tindak balas di elektrod X.

Fe²⁺       →           Fe³⁺  +  e-                                                                                                                             [1 mark]